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Saturday, May 23, 2026

CentsWisdom

Personal finance that makes cents


Retirement

Retirement Planning Essentials

Retirement isn't as far away as it seems — and the decisions you make today determine the options you'll have later. Explore our guides on 401(k)s, Roth IRAs, Social Security timing, and the math behind early retirement (FIRE). Whether you're 25 or 55, there are moves worth making right now.

22 articles ← All articles

All Retirement Planning Articles

Roth IRA vs Traditional IRA — Which Is Right for You? Retirement

Roth IRA vs Traditional IRA — Which Is Right for You?

The single biggest retirement account decision most people face — and the tax math that actually determines the right answer for your situation.

Andrew Carta · 10 min read
Pension vs. 401(k): Which Retirement Plan Is Better? Retirement

Pension vs. 401(k): Which Retirement Plan Is Better?

Most workers get one or the other — rarely both. Here's how to evaluate what you have, calculate its real value, and avoid the mistakes that leave money on the table.

Andrew Carta · 9
Roth Conversion Ladder Strategy for Early Retirees: The Complete Guide Retirement

Roth Conversion Ladder Strategy for Early Retirees: The Complete Guide

The Roth conversion ladder lets early retirees access retirement funds penalty-free before 59½ — but it requires a 5-year wait and careful tax bracket management. Here's exactly how it works.

Andrew Carta · 9
Required Minimum Distributions (RMDs): The Retirement Rule That Comes With a 25% Penalty Retirement

Required Minimum Distributions (RMDs): The Retirement Rule That Comes With a 25% Penalty

Once you hit 73, the IRS requires you to start withdrawing from most retirement accounts — whether you need the money or not. Here's how RMDs work, how they're calculated, and what happens if you miss one.

Andrew Carta · 7 min read
Solo 401(k) for the Self-Employed: Contribute Up to $70,000 in 2026 Retirement

Solo 401(k) for the Self-Employed: Contribute Up to $70,000 in 2026

The solo 401(k) is the most powerful retirement account available to self-employed people — but most freelancers and business owners have never heard of it. Here's how it works and how to open one.

Andrew Carta · 8 min read
Inherited IRA Rules: The 10-Year Withdrawal Rule That Changed Everything Retirement

Inherited IRA Rules: The 10-Year Withdrawal Rule That Changed Everything

The SECURE Act eliminated the "stretch IRA" most beneficiaries relied on. Now most heirs must empty an inherited IRA within 10 years — and the tax consequences can be severe if you don't plan carefully.

Andrew Carta · 8 min read
How Much Do You Really Need to Retire? A 2026 Calculator Guide Retirement

How Much Do You Really Need to Retire? A 2026 Calculator Guide

The 25x rule says multiply your annual expenses by 25. But that's just the starting point. Healthcare, Social Security timing, and where you live can move your number by hundreds of thousands of dollars.

Andrew Carta · 9 min read
Catch-Up Contributions After 50: Every Account You Should Max Out Retirement

Catch-Up Contributions After 50: Every Account You Should Max Out

Turning 50 unlocks $8,500 in additional annual tax-advantaged space across your 401(k) and IRA -- and SECURE 2.0 added an even bigger boost for ages 60-63. Here's every account and how to use them.

Andrew Carta · 8 min read
Social Security at 62 vs. 67 vs. 70: The Math That Decides for You Retirement

Social Security at 62 vs. 67 vs. 70: The Math That Decides for You

Claim at 62 and you lock in a permanent cut. Wait until 70 and you collect 77% more per month -- but only if you live long enough. Here's the breakeven math and when each age wins.

Andrew Carta · 9 min read
Social Security Benefits Explained: When to Claim, How It's Calculated, and Spousal Benefits Retirement

Social Security Benefits Explained: When to Claim, How It's Calculated, and Spousal Benefits

Claim at 62, wait until 67, or hold out until 70? The Social Security decision is one of the most important in retirement. Here's how the math actually works.

Andrew Carta · 10 min read
Backdoor Roth IRA: How High Earners Beat the Income Limits Retirement

Backdoor Roth IRA: How High Earners Beat the Income Limits

Earn too much for a Roth IRA? There's a legal workaround that's been used by high earners for over a decade. Here's exactly how to do it—and the one trap you need to avoid.

Andrew Carta · 9 min read
Target-Date Funds: The Easiest Retirement Investment That Most People Overlook Retirement

Target-Date Funds: The Easiest Retirement Investment That Most People Overlook

Target-date funds do the investing work for you — automatically rebalancing from aggressive to conservative as you approach retirement. Here's how they work and whether you should use one.

Andrew Carta · 7 min read
Estate Planning Basics Everyone Needs (Not Just Rich People) Retirement

Estate Planning Basics Everyone Needs (Not Just Rich People)

Estate planning isn't about wealth — it's about control. Without a will, power of attorney, and updated beneficiary designations, the state decides what happens to your money and your life.

CentsWisdom · 8 min read
Social Security Optimization: How to Maximize Your Benefits Retirement

Social Security Optimization: How to Maximize Your Benefits

When you claim Social Security matters more than most people realize. The difference between claiming at 62 vs. 70 can exceed $100,000 in lifetime benefits. Here's how to make the right call.

CentsWisdom · 9 min read
FIRE Movement Basics: How to Retire Early on a Normal Salary Retirement

FIRE Movement Basics: How to Retire Early on a Normal Salary

FIRE — Financial Independence, Retire Early — isn't just for tech millionaires. Here's the math, the strategy, and whether it's actually achievable for you.

CentsWisdom · 9 min read
Retirement Planning Beyond Your 401(k): The Accounts You're Ignoring Retirement

Retirement Planning Beyond Your 401(k): The Accounts You're Ignoring

Maxing your 401(k) is a good start — but it's not enough. Here are the accounts and strategies most people overlook for a fully funded retirement.

CentsWisdom · 9 min read
Your First 401(k): A Plain-English Beginner's Guide Retirement

Your First 401(k): A Plain-English Beginner's Guide

A 401(k) is the most powerful retirement tool most people ignore. Here's everything you need to know to set it up right — contribution rates, employer match, fund selection, and all.

Andrew Carta · 8 min read
How Much Should You Have Saved by Age? Benchmarks and What to Do If You're Behind Retirement

How Much Should You Have Saved by Age? Benchmarks and What to Do If You're Behind

Savings benchmarks exist so you can stop guessing and start measuring. Here's what the numbers actually say by age — and a realistic plan if you're not where you want to be.

Andrew Carta · 7 min read
Roth IRA vs Traditional IRA: The Simple Breakdown Retirement

Roth IRA vs Traditional IRA: The Simple Breakdown

Both are retirement accounts with tax advantages. The difference is when you pay taxes, and that one detail changes everything.

Andrew Carta · 8 min read
Invest in Your Future Retirement

Invest in Your Future

Why your 401k is the most powerful wealth-building tool you have -- and how to stop leaving free money on the table.

Andrew Carta · 5 min read
401k: When Withdrawing Makes Sense Retirement

401k: When Withdrawing Makes Sense

You should almost never withdraw from your 401k early. But in one specific scenario, the math actually works in your favor.

Andrew Carta · 6 min read
If a Tree Falls in a Forest Retirement

If a Tree Falls in a Forest

Your 401k dropped this quarter. Before you panic, ask yourself: have you actually lost anything? The answer might surprise you.

Andrew Carta · 5 min read

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